Although there might be some foundry sand in the block, some of those small sand-like particles you're finding are coming from the coolant and SCA itself.
Coolants like the conventional "green" and the universal hybrid "gold" both contain dissolved silicates. In short, silicates are a form of silicon and silica...what sand and rocks are made of.
The silicates in the coolant don't stay dissolved forever. They can quickly become insoluable and drop out of the coolant as abrasives. This is especially true when they are combined with SCA buffers like sodiums and potasiums, allowed to oxydize, combined with metal alloy contaminates from the cooling system, or just left over time.
SCA's can also form a sand-like scale. Most contain phosphates. Phosphates naturally form a scale when mixed with H2O. Sometimes the scale looks just like dark sand.
Conventional coolants and SCA's are necessarily a "bad" thing. Maintenance is key. Silicate drop out and SCA scale can be reduced by frequent flushing and re-filling with fresh coolant, being careful not to OD on SCA. Silicate-containing coolants should be fresh, not sitting on the shelf for years. Conventional silicate-containing coolants have a shelf life of about 18 months before drop out can occur. Silicate-free heavy duty extended life coolants are good for about 8-10 years on the shelf.
A coolant filter is a great addition here. Prior to modern coolants, filters were originally called "SCA cartridges". These cartridges contained SCA concentrate. They primarily functioned as an automatic way to slowly dose the system with SCA. The filtering aspect was a bonus.
International used to install SCA filters on all their T444E applications. It was integrated into the water pump. But in July of 2000 International approved the use of heavy duty extended life coolants (HD ELC) on all 2/2/99-up engines (SN 940614-up), and they stopped using the SCA filter. HD ELC's are not only silicate-free, but they don't require SCA. Their shelf life and operating life is many times longer. In fact International makes a kit to plug off the filter housing for vehicles that switched to HD ELC.
Hope that helps. /ubbthreads/images/graemlins/smile.gif