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Is there anyway I can check the specs of an 2001 Powerstroke by it's VIN number?
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No. As you can tell by that link bombguy posted, you can't tell much of anything from the VIN that you can't tell by simply looking at the truck. Engine, cab, model year, etc. Unless you care about the Ford assembly plant in which it was screwed together.
Specs for things like rear axle ratio, wheel weight capacity, and turning diameter are in the Ford Truck Source Book. Once upon a time, Ford posted the Source Books online. But now only dealerpersons have the password required to access them.
A dealerperson can use the VIN to put into the Ford OASIS computer system and download a "build sheet" for your pickup. That will tell you exactly which options your pickup was assembled with. But it won't really give you any specs about those options. For example, it might tell you that you have a 3.73 rear axle ratio, but not whether you have a 10.5" Visteon or a 11.25" Dana rear axle.